| 废旧线路板碱性浸出液中锡铅的选择性分离与回收 |
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| 引用本文：张智伟,王博伟,张承龙.废旧线路板碱性浸出液中锡铅的选择性分离与回收[J].上海第二工业大学(中文版),2026,43(1):34-38 |
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| 基金项目:上海电力实业有限公司科技项目 (5209A4240008) 资助 |
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| 中文摘要:基于锡、铅在强碱介质中的选择性浸出特性, 本研究对废线路板碱性浸出液中的锡、铅开展回收实验。分别采用锡粉置换法回收铅、电沉积法回收锡以及同离子效应结晶锡酸钠, 探究不同工艺对锡、铅分离回收效果的影响。结果表明: 在常温条件下, 反应时间为 15 min, 锡粉实际与理论用量的比值为 1.2 : 1 时, 铅的去除率可达到99.8%。通过碱性电沉积锡的正交实验分析可知, 各影响因素对实验结果的主次影响顺序为: 碱浓度 > 温度 > 锡离子浓度 >电流密度; 在选取的实验参数中, 最佳条件下锡的电流效率为 23.04%。采用浓缩结晶法对锡酸钠进行回收处理, 分析结果表明, 在性碱体系中锡酸钠的溶解度随着氢氧化钠浓度的增加而降低, 且随着反应温度的升高而降低。对于氢氧化钠浓度为 4 mol/L, 锡离子浓度为 30 g/L 的浸出液, 将溶液中氢氧化钠的浓度增至 9 mol/L 时, 锡酸钠的结晶率可达 79.6%、纯度为 89.6%, 且溶液可通过加水稀释后回用。通过与电沉积法回收锡对比, 浓缩结晶法回收锡酸钠更具优势, 为优选工艺。 |
| 中文关键词:废旧线路板 碱性浸出 两性金属 置换 同离子效应 |
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| Selective Separation and Recovery of Tin and Lead from Alkaline Leachate of Waste Printed Circuit Boards |
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| Abstract:Based on the selective leaching characteristics of tin and lead in a strong alkaline medium, this study investigated the recovery of tin and lead from the alkaline leachate of waste circuit boards. Lead was recovered by cementation with tin powder, tin was recovered by electrodeposition, and sodium stannate was crystallized via the common-ion effect. The effects of different processes on the separation and recovery of tin and lead were examined. The results show that under normal temperature conditions, with a reaction time of 15 minutes and a ratio of 1.2 : 1 between the actual and theoretical amounts of tin powder, the removal rate of lead could reach 99.8%. Based on the orthogonal experimental analysis of alkaline electrodeposition of tin, the descending order of influencing factors on the experimental results is: alkali concentration > temperature > tin ion concentration > current density; under the optimal conditions within the selected experimental parameters, the current efficiency of tin attained 23.04%. The concentrated crystallization method was used to recover sodium stannate, and the results show that the solubility of sodium stannate in alkaline system decreased with the increase of sodium hydroxide concentration and decreases with the rise of reaction temperature. For a leaching solution containing 4 mol/L sodium hydroxide and 30 g/L tin ions, when the concentration of alkali in the solution increases to 9 mol/L, the crystallization rate of sodium stannate is 79.6% and the purity is 89.6%. The solution can be diluted with water and reused. Compared with the electrodeposition method for recovering metallic tin, the concentrated crystallization method for sodium stannate recovery is more advantageous and is thus the preferred process. |
| keywords:waste circuit board alkaline leaching amphoteric metal replacement common ion |
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